Incidência de infecção do trato urinário em unidade de terapia intensiva: implementação de um checklist assistencial / Incidence of urinary tract infection in intensive care unit: implementation of assistance checklist / Incidencia de infección del tracto urinario en una unidad de cuidados intensivos: implementación de una lista de verificación de cuidados

Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade do checklist reconstruído por uma equipe interdisciplinar, como estratégia de redução de incidência de infecção do trato urinário e do tempo de permanência do uso do cateter vesical de demora em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo, observacional, realizado entre os meses de janeiro de 2018 a junho de 2019, em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital universitário da Cidade de Ponta Grossa ­ Paraná. O checklist, implementado na instituição, é baseado no Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, na prevenção de infecções relacionadas a assistência à saúde. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste t-student. Resultados: Observou-se uma redução de casos novos após a implementação do checklist (p=0,0005), e nos dias de permanência com o cateter vesical de demora, que teve uma média (115,3) antes do checklist ser implementado, diminuindo para (69,6) após. Conclusão: As ações desenvolvidas pelos profissionais de saúde trazem resultados atenuantes na redução de Infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde. (AU)

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of the checklist reconstructed by an interdisciplinary team, as a strategy to reduce the incidence of infection from urinary treatment and the time of permanence of the use of a delay bladder catheter in an Adult Intensive Care Unit. Methods: Quantitative, retrospective, observational study, carried out between the months of January 2018 to June 2019, in the Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital of the City of Ponta Grossa - Paraná. Or checklist, implemented by the institution, based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, on the prevention of infections related to health care. The given foram analyzed hair test t-student. Results: Observation of a reduction of new cases after the implementation of the checklist (p = 0.0005), and the days of permanence with a late bladder catheter, which had a mean (115.3) before the checklist was implemented, decreasing to (69.6) after. Conclusion: The actions developed by health professionals bring attenuating results in the reduction of Healthcare-Related Infections. (AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del checklist reconstruido por un equipo interdisciplinario, como estrategia para reducir la incidencia de infección del tracto urinario y el tiempo de estadía en el uso de catéteres urinarios permanentes en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Adultos. Métodos: Estudio observacional cuantitativo, retrospectivo, realizado entre enero de 2018 y junio de 2019, en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de un hospital universitario de la ciudad de Ponta Grossa - Paraná. La lista de verificación, implementada en la institución, se basa en los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades, en la prevención de infecciones relacionadas con la salud. Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba t-student. Resultados: Hubo una reducción de casos nuevos luego de la implementación de la lista de chequeo (p = 0.0005), y en los días de estadía con el catéter urinario permanente, que tuvieron un promedio (115.3) antes de la implementación de la lista de chequeo, disminuyendo a (69.6) después. Conclusión: Las acciones realizadas por los profesionales de la salud traen resultados mitigantes en la reducción de infecciones relacionadas con la atención de la salud. (AU)

Changes in personality traits in patients with Alzheimer's Disease / Mudanças nos traços de personalidade em pacientes com doença de alzheimer

ABSTRACT. Changes in personality traits in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are extremely common throughout the course of the pathology, and these behavioral changes present themselves as challenges in clinical management and as a significant cause of caregivers' burden. Objective: Using a personality inventory based on the five-factor model of personality, this study aimed to assesses the change in these factors by comparing the premorbid and current personality of individuals recently diagnosed with AD. Methods: A total of 30 AD patients were recruited, and their respective family members responded to the personality inventory at home through a hosted site. The patients were also divided into two groups according to the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): mild dementia (CDR 1) and moderate dementia (CDR 2). Results: Among all patients, there was a significant increase in neuroticism factor levels and a significant decrease in the extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, and socialization factors. When comparing the groups, only the extraversion factor showed a difference, with CDR 1 group accusing a higher change in scores. Higher scores in the factor neuroticism in the premorbid personality correlated with the current severity of the disease. Conclusions: This research draws the attention of family members and health professionals to changes in personality traits or behavior of relatives or patients, because it can reflect an underlying neurodegenerative process.

RESUMO. Mudanças em traços de personalidade em pacientes com doença de Alzheimer (DA) são extremamente comuns ao longo do curso da referida patologia, e essas alterações comportamentais apresentam-se como desafios no manejo clínico e como causa significativa de esgotamento dos cuidadores. Objetivo: Por meio de um inventário de personalidade baseado nos cinco fatores de personalidade, este estudo avalia a mudança nos escores desses fatores comparando a personalidade pré-mórbida e a atual dos indivíduos com DA. Métodos: O total de 30 pacientes com DA foi recrutado, e seus familiares responderam ao inventário de personalidade. Os pacientes também foram divididos em dois grupos conforme a avaliação clínica da demência: demência leve (CDR1) e demência moderada (CDR2). Resultados: Em todos os pacientes, houve aumento significativo nos escores do fator neuroticismo e decréscimos significativos nos fatores extroversão, realização, abertura e socialização. Quando feita a comparação entre grupos, apenas o fator extroversão apresentou diferença, com o grupo CDR 1 mostrando maiores mudanças nos escores. Os níveis do fator neuroticismo da personalidade pré-mórbida correlacionaram-se com a gravidade da doença no momento do diagnóstico. Conclusões: Este estudo procura esclarecer aos familiares e profissionais de saúde que mudanças em traços de personalidade de seus parentes ou pacientes podem refletir processos neurodegenerativos subjacentes.

Nursing guidelines on cardiac surgery and parents anxiety: randomized clinical trial

Abstract Objective: The preparation of parents of children who should undergo cardiac surgery requires special treatment such as the explanations about the event. This study aims to compare the effects of standardized nursing guidelines with routine institutional orientation on the anxiety of parents of children undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: Randomized clinical trial. The sample consisted of parents of children who underwent cardiac surgery from December 2010 to April 2011. Twenty-two parents were randomized to the intervention group (IG) and received the standard nursing guidelines and 22 participated in the control group (CG) and received the routine guidelines from the institution. Anxiety was assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) applied in the preoperative period, between 12 and 20 hours before surgery and before receiving standard or institutional guidelines and 48 hours after surgery. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures was performed to evaluate the differences between the variations in STAI scores between the groups during the studied period. The level of significance was 0.05. Results: There were no significant differences in baseline anxiety scores between groups with regard to trait anxiety as well as state anxiety: STAI-trait (CG 42.6±4.9 vs. IG 41.4±6.0, P=0.48); STAI-state (CG 42.3±5.7 vs. IG 45.6±8.3, P=0.18). Likewise, the variation in score after 48 hours was similar between groups (STAI-trait P=0.77; STAI-state P=0.61). Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the parents' anxiety levels when comparing the two types of guidelines: the standard nursing and the institutional orientation.

Consideration of the relationship between menstrual pain, menstruation accompanying symptoms and personality / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Objectives] Psychological factors are mentioned as one of the causes of menstrual pain and menstruation-associated symptoms. In this study, the relationship between menstrual pain, menstruation-associated symptoms, and personality was examined. [Methods] We targeted women who were menstruating and had provided informed consent. A questionnaire was conducted to obtain information on age, height, weight, degree of menstrual pain, menstruation-associated symptoms, and new personality inventory. Correlation analysis of Spearman was conducted on the relationship between menstrual pain, menstruation-associated symptoms, and personality.[Results] We distributed questionnaires to 250 persons and obtained responses from 166 persons. "Anxiety" correlated with menstrual pain and multiple factors of menstruation-associated symptoms, "depression" correlated with multiple factors of menstruation-associated symptoms. In addition, "aggression," "inferiority complex," and "non-cooperativeness" correlated with negative emotional factors of menstruation-associated symptoms.[Discussion] For "anxiety" and "depression," it was speculated that the symptoms became stronger due to poor circulation and serotonin deficiency during menstruation. In addition, the depressive aspects of "aggression," "non-cooperativeness," and "inferiority complex" were also considered to have an influence on negative emotional factors of menstruation-associated symptoms.[Conclusions] "Anxiety" correlated with menstrual pain and multiple factors of menstruation-associated symptoms, and "depression" correlated with multiple factors of menstruation-associated symptoms.

Quality of life in panic disorder: the influence of clinical features and personality traits / Qualidade de vida no transtorno de pânico: a influência de características clínicas e traços de personalidade

Abstract Objective To identify which clinical features and personality traits are associated with quality of life (QoL) in panic disorder (PD) patients. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with PD patients. The brief version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Big Five Inventory (BFI) were used to assess QoL and personality traits respectively. The strength of correlations was measured with Pearson's, Spearman's, and point-biserial correlation coefficients. We also performed multiple linear regressions, considering sociodemographic data and scores from clinical scales as independent variables and QoL scores as dependent variables. Results A total of 98 patients were evaluated. Depressive symptoms had a strong negative correlation with QoL and, to a lesser extent, panic and anxiety symptoms were also negatively correlated with QoL. While consciousness, extraversion, and agreeableness had mild positive correlations with QoL, neuroticism had a strong negative correlation. Conclusion Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and panic seem to have a negative impact on the QoL of PD patients. Personality traits, especially neuroticism, may also influence QoL in these patients.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar quais características clínicas e traços de personalidade são mais associados à qualidade de vida (QdV) em pacientes com transtorno de pânico (TP). Métodos Este foi um estudo transversal, realizado em pacientes com TP. A versão breve do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida da Associação Mundial de Saúde (World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire - WHOQOL-BREF) e o Inventário dos Cinco Grande Fatores (Big Five Inventory - BFI) foram utilizados para avaliar QdV e traços de personalidade, respectivamente. A força de associação foi medida através da correlação de Pearson, de Spearman ou ponto bisserial. Foram também realizadas regressões lineares múltiplas, considerando os dados sociodemográficos e escores obtidos nas escalas clínicas como variáveis independentes, e os escores de QdV como variáveis dependentes. Resultados Um total de 98 pacientes foram avaliados. Sintomas depressivos apresentaram uma forte relação negativa com QdV; em menor intensidade, sintomas de TP e ansiosos também se correlacionaram com QdV. Nos domínios de personalidade, enquanto conscienciosidade, extroversão e amabilidade apresentaram uma leve correlação positiva com QdV, neuroticismo apresentou forte correlação negativa. Conclusão Sintomas depressivos, ansiosos e de TP parecem ter forte impacto negativo na QdV dos pacientes com TP. Traços de personalidade, principalmente neuroticismo, podem influenciar QdV nesses pacientes.

Disparity of minnesota multiphasic personality inventory between positions and its relationship with job burnout in a general hospital / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To explore the difference of personality characteristics of physicians, nurses, medical skills and administrative personnel in a general hospital and its influence on job burnout.@*Methods@#Employee entered the hospital before 2018 were enrolled in the current study and the position was classified as physicians, nurses, medical technician and administrative staff. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was completed by the employee at the time of entering the hospital. Status of job burnout was assessed in 2018 using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) .@*Results@#Physicians have a higher rate of paranoia than others (P<0.05) , and administrative staff and medical technician have a slightly higher score than the other two categories of people (P<0.05) , and administrators lie at a higher rate than others (P<0.05) . Further analysis found that personality traits did not have a significant association with job burnout at the time of entry.@*Conclusion@#The administrative and medical staff is slightly more irritable, the administrative staff lying slightly higher score, the staff after the entry of job burnout is not affected by the personality characteristics of the onboarding.

Avaliação psicológica em delinquência juvenil: precisão e validade do Inventário de Jesness: revisado brasileiro / Evaluación psicológica en delincuencia juvenil: precisión y validad del Inventário de Jesness: revisado brasileiro / Psychological assessment in juvenile offenders: reliability and validity of Inventário de Jesness: revisado brasileiro

O Inventário de Jesness ­ revisado brasileiro (IJ-R-Br) avalia aspectos do funcionamento psicológico de adolescentes em conflito com a lei. O objetivo deste estudo foi obter suas evidências de precisão e de validade de critério de duas de suas medidas. Foram analisadas as respostas de 928 adolescentes escolares do sexo masculino ao IJ-R-Br e ao Questionário de Comportamento Juvenis (QCJ). A precisão foi calculada pelo alfa de Cronbach e coeficiente de Spearman-Brown. A validade de critério, por meio do teste t de Student, de qui-quadrado e análise risco relativo, para verificar associação entre altos escores nas medidas e altos indicadores de engajamento infracional (medidos pelo QCJ). Os resultados de precisão foram insatisfatórios somente para três de 12 escalas do Inventário. Quanto à validade de critério, há mais adolescentes com indicadores altos de engajamento infracional no grupo com escores elevados. É oportuno realizar pesquisas com população de adolescentes infratores.

El Inventario de Jesness - revisado brasileiro (IJ-R-Br) evalua aspectos del funcionamiento de adolescentes en conflicto con la ley. El objetivo de este estudio fue obtener sus evidencias de precisión y de validez de criterio de dos de sus medidas. Se analizaron las respuestas de 928 adolescentes escolares del sexo masculino al IJ-R-Br y al Questionário de Comportamento Juvenis (QCJ). La precisión fue calculada por el alfa de Cronbach y el coeficiente de Spearman-Brown. La validez de criterio, por medio del test t de Student, de chi-cuadrado y análisis de riesgo relativo, para verificar la asociación entre altos escores en las medidas y altos indicadores de compromiso infraccional (medidos por el QCJ). Los resultados de precisión fueron insatisfactorios sólo para tres de 12 escalas del inventario. En cuanto a la validez de criterio, hay más adolescentes con indicadores altos de compromiso infraccional en el grupo con puntuaciones elevadas. Es oportuno realizar investigaciones con población de adolescentes infractores.

The Inventário de Jesness ­ revisado brasileiro (IJ-R-Br) assess psychological aspects of adolescent offenders. The objective of this study was to obtain evidence of reliability and criterion validity of two IJ-R-Br's subscales. The responses of 928 male adolescents to the IJ-R-Br and the Questionário de Comportamento Juvenis (QCJ) were analyzed. Reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha and SpearmanBrown coefficient. The criterion validity, through the Student's t-test, of chi-squared and relative risk analysis, was used to verify the association between high scores on measures and high indicators of infractional engagement (measured by QCJ). The accuracy scores were unsatisfactory only for three of 12 Inventory scales. Regarding the criterion validity, there are more adolescents with high indicators of infractional engagement in the group with high scores. It is opportune to conduct research with a population of teenage offenders.

Anger and Coronary Artery Disease in Women Submitted to Coronary Angiography: A 48-Month Follow-Up / Raiva e Doença Arterial Coronariana em Mulheres Submetidas a Angiografia Coronariana: Acompanhamento de 48 Meses

Abstract Background: Anger control was significantly lower in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), regardless of traditionally known risk factors, occurrence of prior events or other anger aspects in a previous study of our research group. Objective: To assess the association between anger and CAD, its clinical course and predictors of low anger control in women submitted to coronary angiography. Methods: This is a cohort prospective study. Anger was assessed by use of Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). Women were consecutively scheduled to undergo coronary angiography, considering CAD definition as ≥ 50% stenosis of one epicardial coronary artery. Results: During the study, 255 women were included, being divided into two groups according to their anger control average (26.99). Those with anger control below average were younger and had a family history of CAD. Patients were followed up for 48 months to verify the occurrence of major cardiovascular events. Conclusion: Women with CAD undergoing coronary angiography had lower anger control, which was associated with age and CAD family history. On clinical follow-up, event-free survival did not significantly differ between patients with anger control above or below average.

Resumo Fundamento: O controle da raiva mostrou-se significativamente mais baixo em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana (DAC), independentemente dos fatores de risco tradicionais conhecidos, da ocorrência de eventos prévios, ou de outros aspectos da raiva em estudo prévio do nosso grupo. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre raiva e DAC, sua evolução clínica e preditores de baixo controle de raiva em mulheres submetidas a coronariografia. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo de coorte prospectivo. Avaliou-se raiva com o Inventário de Expressão de Raiva como Estado e Traço de Spielberger (STAXI). Todas as mulheres agendadas para realização de angiografia coronariana durante o período de estudo foram abordadas consecutivamente. Definiu-se DAC como estenose de uma artéria coronária epicárdica ≥ 50%. Resultados: Este estudo incluiu 255 mulheres, que foram divididas em dois grupos, acima e abaixo da média do controle de raiva (26,99). Aquelas com controle abaixo da média eram mais jovens e tinham história familiar de DAC. As pacientes foram seguidas por 48 meses para verificar a ocorrência de eventos cardiovasculares maiores. Conclusão: As mulheres com DAC submetidas a coronariografia apresentaram menor controle de raiva, que se associou com idade e história familiar de DAC. No seguimento clínico, a sobrevida livre de evento não diferiu significativamente entre pacientes com controle de raiva acima da média e aquelas com controle abaixo.

Comparative Study on Personality Assessment Inventory and MMPI-2 Profiles of Groups with High and Low Depression and Suicide Ideation in Psychiatry Patients and Discriminant Variables of Depression and Suicide Ideation / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare psychological test profiles of psychiatric outpatients with high and low depression/suicide ideation and to identify predictor variables for depression/suicide ideation. METHODS: Component scores of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) were compared using t-tests. Discriminant analysis was conducted for predictor variables of depression/suicide ideation. RESULTS: Regarding PAI profiles, somatic complaints (SOM), anxiety (ANX), anxiety-related disorder (ARD), depression (DEP), paranoia (PAR), borderline features (BOR), antisocial features (ANT), mania (MAN) drug problems (DRG) scores were significantly elevated in high depression and high suicide ideation groups. Concerning MMPI-2 profiles, the scores of hypochondriasis (Hs), depression (D), hysteria (Hy), psychopathic deviate (Pd), paranoia (Pa), psychasthenia (Pt), schizophrenia (Sc), social introversion (Si) were significantly elevated in these same groups. The PAI and MMPI-2 profile shapes were remarkably similar between high depression and high suicide ideation groups. Therefore, in terms of psychological profile, depression and suicidal ideation seemed to reflect the same construct. However, in discriminant analysis, significant predictors for depression were found to be Pt and D Sc from MMPI-2, while those for suicide ideation were found to be Pa and Sc, suggest subtle differences. CONCLUSION: The superficial characteristics of depression and suicide ideation groups reflected by the psychological test profiles seemed similar, but the determining factors may differ. Thus, the psychological interventions for these two groups may have to follow different routes considering these subtle differences.

The development of the knee osteoarthritis TCM syndrome evaluation scale as the Patient-Reported Outcome / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To develop the knee osteoarthritis (KOA) TCM syndrome evaluation scale. Methods Resrarch team collected subjective symptoms from all kinds of syndrome types of KOA and classified the subjective symptoms, which formed the first version of item pool containing 24 subjective symptoms. Expert questionnaires were conducted to calculate the weight coefficient of items, and formed the item pool of the Knee Osteoarthritis TCM Syndrome Evaluation Scale. According to the patient's attention to the 11 items, the items were weighted.Results The Knee Osteoarthritis TCM Syndrome Evaluation Scale contained 11 items, including pain, swelling and stiffness with different weighted scores.Conclusions The Knee Osteoarthritis TCM Syndrome Evaluation Scale were introduced to assess the KOA outcomes on the basis of TCM syndromes. It showed the characteristic of TCM and TCM syndrome.It could provide an objective and standardized measurement for TCM treating KOA.

Result of Multiphasic Personality Inventory among People with Scoliosis: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis of Military Candidate in Korea / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify the association between scoliosis and psychopathological effects using the Military Personality Inventory (MPI). METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted of 19-yr-old examinees admitted to the Military Manpower Administration in Korea from February 2007-January 2010. The authors compared the profiles of MPI of 3004 scoliosis cases with the profiles of MPI of 11920 normal controls. The scoliosis cases were classified into two groups according to severity, including mild to moderate, and severe. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the two groups based on the validity scales. The neurosis scales, including anxiety, depression, somatization and personality disorder, were significantly different between the groups. Concerning the anxiety, depression and somatization subscales, the scores of the mild to moderate group and the severe group were higher than those of the control group. Regarding the personality disorder subscale, the mild to moderate group was higher than the control group. For the paranoid subscale, there was a significant difference between the groups and the mild to moderate group had a higher score than the control group. Furthermore, the partial eta square was 0.018, 0.019, and 0.018 for anxiety, depression, and somatization respectively, which suggests that scoliosis was significantly associated with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and somatization. CONCLUSION: Young men with scoliosis tended to have higher scores concerning the MPI than young men without scoliosis. In particular, the scores were higher for anxiety, depression, and somatization symptoms. This result shows that scoliosis may have psychopathological effects on young men.

Psychological Characteristics of Elderly Visited to the Department of Psychiatry : Focused on the Cluster Analysis of The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze psychological characteristics of elderly patients. METHODS: The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) data of 110 elderly patients who visited the department of psychiatry was analyzed. We examined differences of MMPI-2 score according to sex and age. The elderly were classified into four clusters with similar characteristics. RESULTS: Depression, suicidal ideation, low motivation score was high in total sample. Depression, subjective depression, mental dullness, lassitude-malaise, psychasthenia, and fears score was higher among females than males. Through the cluster analysis, elderly were classified into four types of ‘high profile’, ‘1-2-7 profile’, ‘6-7-8-0 profile’, and ‘low profile’. CONCLUSION: The elderly patients who visited the department of psychiatry complain depression and helplessness. Females complained depression and anxiety more than males. Elderly were classified into four types of patients with high somatic complaints ‘high profile’, patients with high depression and helplessness ‘1-2-7 profile’, patients who were dissatisfied and could blame others ‘6-7-8-0 profile’, and patients who needed additional interview and projective test ‘low profile’.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Characteristics of Parricide Offenders with Schizophrenia in Korea

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the personality characteristics in parricide offenders, by using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) test, which is commonly used in clinical medicine. METHODS: A total of 73 parricide offenders with schizophrenia who were admitted to National Forensic Hospital in Gongju city between September 2014 and February 2015, and 104 comparison schizophrenia patients who had been admitted to Dankook University Hospital in Cheonan city the same hospital, completed the Korean version of the MMPI. RESULTS: The parricide offender group showed significantly higher on L, F, Hs, Hy and Pd than the comparison group. The result of the regression analysis indicated that Pd and Si significantly increased the odd ratio of the sexual offender group by 2.77 times and 0.32 times, respectively (p=0.029 and p=0.023). The offenders of parricide may have developed the following characteristics: hypochondriasis, hysteria and psychopathic deviate. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that the psychopatholgy in the offenders of parricide might be different, compared to the control group.

Learning styles, academic achievement, and mental health problems among medical students in Thailand / 보건의료교육평가

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of various learning styles among medical students and their correlations with academic achievement and mental health problems in these students. METHODS: This study was conducted among 140 first-year medical students of Chiang Mai University, Thailand in 2014. The participants completed the visual-aural-read/write-kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire, the results of which can be categorized into 4 modes, corresponding to how many of the 4 types are preferred by a respondent. The 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the 21-item Outcome Inventory (OI-21) were also used. The participants' demographic data, grade point average (GPA), and scores of all measurements are presented using simple statistics. Correlation and regression analysis were employed to analyze differences in the scores and to determine the associations among them. RESULTS: Sixty percent of the participants were female. The mean age was 18.86±0.74 years old. Quadmodal was found to be the most preferred VARK mode (43.6%). Unimodal, bimodal, and trimodal modes were preferred by 35%, 12.9%, and 18.6% of the participants, respectively. Among the strong unimodal learners, visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic preferences were reported by 4.3%, 7.1%, 11.4%, and 12.1% of participants, respectively. No difference was observed in the PSS-10, OI-anxiety, OI-depression, and OI-somatization scores according to the VARK modes, although a significant effect was found for OI-interpersonal (F=2.788, P=0.043). Moreover, neither VARK modes nor VARK types were correlated with GPA. CONCLUSION: The most preferred VARK learning style among medical students was quadmodal. Learning styles were not associated with GPA or mental health problems, except for interpersonal problems.

Result of Multiphasic Personality Inventory on Pneumo- or Hemo-thorax : Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis of Military Candidate in Korea / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify associations between pneumo- or hemo-thorax presence and psychological distress in young males by using the Military Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MPI) test. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on data from 19-year-old examinees that were admitted to the Military Manpower Administration in Korea between February 2009 and January 2010. A total of 1955 young males were enrolled in this study. Among them, a normal volunteer control group (n=1561) included individuals without a pneumo- or hemo-thorax. The pneumo- or hemo-thorax group (n=394) included individuals with a pneumo- or hemo-thorax. The latter group was divided into two subgroups : Group A (treated with conservative care or chest tube insertion, n=341) and Group B (treated with wedge resection, n=53). RESULTS: We compared each of three groups (Control group, Group A, Group B) by using covariance analysis. The somatization subscale score within the neurosis category was significantly higher in Group A (p<0.001) than in the Control group, and there was a tendency toward a higher somatization score in Group B than in the Control group (p=0.073). The other score categories (validity scale ; anxiety, depression, and personality disorder subscales for neurosis scale ; and psychopath scale) showed no significant differences among the three tested groups. CONCLUSION: Conservative care or chest tube insertion group was associated with higher somatization symptom scores than that in the control group. The wedge resection group had a tendency toward a higher somatization score than that in the control group. The result indicate that individuals with a history of pneumo- or hemo-thorax may be more concerned about their body shape and/or general condition than those without such a history. Supportive intervention and psychiatric education approaches may be useful in relieving somatic distress.

Medical students' satisfaction with the Applied Basic Clinical Seminar with Scenarios for Students, a novel simulation-based learning method in Greece / 보건의료교육평가

PURPOSE: The integration of simulation-based learning (SBL) methods holds promise for improving the medical education system in Greece. The Applied Basic Clinical Seminar with Scenarios for Students (ABCS3) is a novel two-day SBL course that was designed by the Scientific Society of Hellenic Medical Students. The ABCS3 targeted undergraduate medical students and consisted of three core components: the case-based lectures, the ABCDE hands-on station, and the simulation-based clinical scenarios. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the general educational environment of the course, as well as the skills and knowledge acquired by the participants. METHODS: Two sets of questions were distributed to the participants: the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire and an internally designed feedback questionnaire (InEv). A multiple-choice examination was also distributed prior to the course and following its completion. A total of 176 participants answered the DREEM questionnaire, 56 the InEv, and 60 the MCQs. RESULTS: The overall DREEM score was 144.61 (±28.05) out of 200. Delegates who participated in both the case-based lectures and the interactive scenarios core components scored higher than those who only completed the case-based lecture session (P=0.038). The mean overall feedback score was 4.12 (±0.56) out of 5. Students scored significantly higher on the post-test than on the pre-test (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The ABCS3 was found to be an effective SBL program, as medical students reported positive opinions about their experiences and exhibited improvements in their clinical knowledge and skills.

Validity evidences for the dimensional clinical personality inventory in outpatient psychiatric sample / Evidências de validade do inventário dimensional clínico da personalidade em amostra psiquiátrica / Evidencias de validez del inventario dimensional clínico de personalidad en muestra psiquiátrica

The Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (IDCP) was developed in Brazil for the assessment of pathological personality traits. This study aimed to seek validity evidence for the dimensions of IDCP based on external criteria, psychiatric diagnosis. We examined the profile in IDCP of 105 psychotherapy outpatients, previously diagnosed with personality disorders. The profiles were compared with the profile of the normative non-clinical sample and we conducted the repeated measures analysis to investigate whether the IDCP is able to discriminate consistent profiles for different diagnoses and compared the general population. The results suggest validity evidence based on external criteria for the IDCP dimensions and points to the clinical effectiveness of the instrument.

Foi desenvolvido no Brasil o Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade (IDCP) para avaliação das características patológicas da personalidade. O presente estudo buscou evidências de validade com base em critério externo, diagnóstico psiquiátrico, das dimensões do IDCP. Examinou-se o perfil no IDCP de 105 pacientes de ambulatório de psicoterapia, previamente diagnosticados com transtornos da personalidade. Comparou-se o perfil no IDCP da amostra clínica com o perfil da amostra normativa não clínica e realizou-se o procedimento de análise de perfis por medidas repetidas visando investigar se o IDCP é capaz de discriminar perfis coerentes para os distintos diagnósticos e em comparação à população geral. Os resultados sugerem evidências de validade com base no critério externo para as dimensões do IDCP, bem como aponta para a utilidade clínica do instrumento.

El Inventario Dimensional Clínico del Personalidad (IDCP) fue desarrollado en Brasil para evaluación del el IDCP prueba. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo buscar evidencias de validez en base a criterios externos, diagnóstico psiquiátrico, a un instrumento para la evaluación de los trastornos de personalidad típica síntomas, el IDCP. Examinamos el perfil en IDCP de 105 pacientes de la clínica de psicoterapia, previamente diagnosticados con trastornos de la personalidad. Los perfiles se compararon con el perfil de la muestra no clínica normativa y que se llevó a cabo el análisis de medidas repetidas para investigar si el IDCP es capaz de discriminar los perfiles consistentes para diferentes diagnósticos en comparación con la población general. Los resultados sugieren evidencia de validez sobre la base de criterios externos a dimensiones del IDCP y puntos para la utilidad clínica del instrumento.

A Study on Cognitive Attitudes toward Death according to MBTI Personality Types / 한국호스피스완화의료학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate attitudes toward death according to personality types and to suggest the need to develop related hospice programs. METHODS: Personality types were identified by the Korean version of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Form G. A questionnaire with 26 five-point Likert items was used to survey participants' attitudes toward death. RESULTS: The ESFP personality type was most common (20%) among available 100 participants. Significant differences were observed in the attitudes towards death preparation according to personality type s. Participants with personality preference types E, T and J showed positive attitudes (P<0.05) toward death, but no significant differences were shown based on the SN index. CONCLUSION: The attitudes toward death differed by personality types. Therefore, this study points to the need to develop diverse hospice programs based on the personality types.

How to provide tailored career coaching for medical students / 한국의학교육

PURPOSE: This study was performed to develop a counseling strategy, based on the profiles of medical students' Strong Interest Inventory (STRONG) and Myer-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) results, focusing on the three following questions: Into what distinct levels are students categorized by STRONG and MBTI? and What is the dispersion of the integrated profiles? METHODS: Freshmen students from Konyang University College of Medicine who matriculated between March 2011 and 2013 were administered the MBTI personality type test and the STRONG interest inventory assessment. The integrated profiles were categorized per Kim et al. (2006), and frequency analysis was performed with the collected data, using SPSS version 21.0. RESULTS: Regarding MBTI types, 16.9% of students were categorized as ESTJ, and 12.9% was ISTJ. Further, 62.4% of students were Investigative (I) according to STRONG. The integrated profiles were divided into four types, according to their unclear/clear preference in the STRONG and MBTI results. Most students had 'clear preference and clear interest' (n=144, 80.9%), six students (3.4%) had 'clear interest but unclear preference,' and 28 students (15.7%) showed 'unclear interest but clear preference.' CONCLUSION: Using the combined results of the STRONG interest inventory assessment and MBTI tools, we can purvey more tailored information to students.

Characteristics of Emotion and Personality in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients with Insomnia Symptoms: Analysis of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

OBJECTIVES: Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and insomnia are two of the most common sleep disorders in the general population. Because OSAHS patients with insomnia may have difficulty in adapting to the sleep breathing medical equipment, it is necessary to pay special attention to the diagnosis and treatment of comorbid insomnia. This study is to investigate the emotion and personality in OSAHS patients with insomnia complaints by using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). METHODS: We reviewed the results of the standardized questionnaires assessing sleep-related variables, MMPI, and polysomnographic findings of the patients diagnosed as OSAHS. RESULTS: 145 subjects were 49.05+/-11.83 years of age. The mean Respiratory Disturbance Index was 33.57+/-19.91 and the mean score of Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was 11.52+/-6.49. The mean scores of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and MMPI-2 were within normal ranges. We divided the patients into two groups based on the scores of the ISI, OSAHS with insomnia (n=109) and OSAHS without insomnia (n=36). OSAHS patients with insomnia symptoms had significantly higher scores of hypochondriasis, hysteria, psychasthenia, schizophrenia, paranoia and psychopathic deviate scales and BDI than those without insomnia. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that insomnia complaints are very common in OSAHS patients and the psychological problems are more frequently found in OSAHS patients with insomnia symptom than those without it.